Where Did SARS-CoV-2 Come From?

Where did bone come from?

Bone is specific to vertebrates, and originated as mineralization around the basal membrane of the throat or skin, giving rise to tooth-like structures and protective shields in animals with a soft cartilage-like endoskeleton. A combination of fossil anatomy and genetic information from modern species has improved our understanding of the evolution of bone. Thus, even in man, there are still si...

Where did knowledge management come from?

In this essay I look at the history of knowledge management and offer insights into what knowledge management means today and where it may be headed in the future. N ow that knowledge management is widely known and practiced in many large organizations , it might be useful to look back a bit and try to give some perspective on how this old but new subject developed and, in particular, what some...

Whole-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: from fear to hope

Undoubtedly, vaccination can be one of the promising approaches to control infectious diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Inactivated viral vaccines have a history of "vaccine-induced enhanced disease", which may occur when neutralizing antibodies bind to viral antigens without blocking or clearing the infection. This can cause additional inflammation through the mechanisms described for ot...

WNV: where in the world did that come from?

Sexual selection in hermaphrodites: where did our ideas come from?

Interpretations of hermaphroditism have been influenced by the old idea that organisms can be arranged in a series from lower to higher, with human beings at the top, leading toward the angels and God (the scala naturae). The consequent notion that hermaphroditism is a primitive condition is still with us. Such issues need to be addressed empirically, in a phylogenetic context. Darwin's theory ...